1,215 research outputs found
A Stochastic Geometry-based Demand Response Management Framework for Cellular Networks Powered by Smart Grid
In this paper, the production decisions across multiple energy suppliers in
smart grid, powering cellular networks are investigated. The suppliers are
characterized by different offered prices and pollutant emissions levels. The
challenge is to decide the amount of energy provided by each supplier to each
of the operators such that their profitability is maximized while respecting
the maximum tolerated level of CO2 emissions. The cellular operators are
characterized by their offered quality of service (QoS) to the subscribers and
the number of users that determines their energy requirements. Stochastic
geometry is used to determine the average power needed to achieve the target
probability of coverage for each operator. The total average power requirements
of all networks are fed to an optimization framework to find the optimal amount
of energy to be provided from each supplier to the operators. The generalized
-fair utility function is used to avoid production bias among the
suppliers based on profitability of generation. Results illustrate the
production behavior of the energy suppliers versus QoS level, cost of energy,
capacity of generation, and level of fairness.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Green Networking in Cellular HetNets: A Unified Radio Resource Management Framework with Base Station ON/OFF Switching
In this paper, the problem of energy efficiency in cellular heterogeneous
networks (HetNets) is investigated using radio resource and power management
combined with the base station (BS) ON/OFF switching. The objective is to
minimize the total power consumption of the network while satisfying the
quality of service (QoS) requirements of each connected user. We consider the
case of co-existing macrocell BS, small cell BSs, and private femtocell access
points (FAPs). Three different network scenarios are investigated, depending on
the status of the FAPs, i.e., HetNets without FAPs, HetNets with closed FAPs,
and HetNets with semi-closed FAPs. A unified framework is proposed to
simultaneously allocate spectrum resources to users in an energy efficient
manner and switch off redundant small cell BSs. The high complexity dual
decomposition technique is employed to achieve optimal solutions for the
problem. A low complexity iterative algorithm is also proposed and its
performances are compared to those of the optimal technique. The particularly
interesting case of semi-closed FAPs, in which the FAPs accept to serve
external users, achieves the highest energy efficiency due to increased degrees
of freedom. In this paper, a cooperation scheme between FAPs and mobile
operator is also investigated. The incentives for FAPs, e.g., renewable energy
sharing and roaming prices, enabling cooperation are discussed to be considered
as a useful guideline for inter-operator agreements.Comment: 15 pages, 9 Figures, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 201
Optimization of a Power Splitting Protocol for Two-Way Multiple Energy Harvesting Relay System
Energy harvesting (EH) combined with cooperative communications constitutes a
promising solution for future wireless technologies. They enable additional
efficiency and increased lifetime to wireless networks. This paper investigates
a multiple-relay selection scheme for an EH-based two-way relaying (TWR)
system. All relays are considered as EH nodes that harvest energy from
renewable energy and radio frequency (RF) sources. Some of them are selected to
forward data to the destinations. The power splitting (PS) protocol, by which
the EH node splits the input RF signal into two components for EH and
information transmission, is adopted at the relay nodes. The objective is to
jointly optimize i) the set of selected relays, ii) their PS ratios, and iii)
their transmit power levels in order to maximize data rate-based utilities over
multiple coherent time slots. A joint-optimization solution based on geometric
programming (GP) and binary particle swarm optimization is proposed to solve
non-convex problems for two utility functions reflecting the level of fairness
in the TWR transmission. Numerical results illustrate the system's behavior
versus various parameters and show that the performance of the proposed scheme
is very close to that of the optimal branch-and-bound method and that GP
outperforms the dual problem-based method
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Detection probability of passive RFID systems under cascaded Rician and Rayleigh fading channel
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system uses the principle of radiative power transfer between the reader and the tag antenna. The main performance metric for RFID system is the reliable reading coverage, where the tag can be read with higher detection probability. Most of current researches consider the reader coverage to be determined only by its read range assuming monostatic configuration with omni-directional antennas. In this paper, we model and study the effect of cascaded channel fading and readers antenna orientation on the passive RFID tags, in terms of detection probability. We derive a closed-form expression for passive RFID detection probability taking into consideration the relative reader-tag antennas orientations and cascaded Rician-forward/Rayleigh-reverse fading channel. The derived formulas can be useful for design and optimization of passive RFID communication systems from RF point of view.This work was made possible by NPRP grant #NPRP4-726-2-272 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation).This is the accepted manuscript version. The final version is available from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6843164. © 2014 IEE
Calibration & Temperature Controlled Setup for Air Quality Sensors
Indoor air pollution is a major issue affecting public health. Due to hot climate, humidity and lack of natural green spaces, life is mostly confined indoors in many countries of the MENA region. Vulnerable population, including young children and senior citizens who spend most of their time indoors, are at risk because of the effects of indoor air quality (IAQ) on their health. An indoor air quality monitoring system is a need of the hour to detect and improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). The monitoring systems presently available are bulky, expensive and need periodic calibration to maintain high degree of accuracy. Frequent recalibration of a number of densely deployed individual sensors in the network is a time-consuming and laborious task therefore self-calibration is indispensable. Gas sensors, even if factory-calibrated, tend to drift with time/usage. Therefore these should be regularly calibrated under controlled environments. Calibration may be carried out using test gas mixtures with known composition. Pre-mixed gas cylinders with known composition may be used for the purpose; however this solution is not flexible as the number of calibration points and testing conditions (e.g. effect of temperature and humidity on CO2 sensor) are limited. In the current project, a computer-controlled test and calibration test bed system is being designed and assembled along with temperature controller. Calibration set-up would help in self calibration of the air quality sensors. Calibration curves obtained from proposed calibration test bed are updated automatically and fed into the sensor node through wireless communication without going in the field or replacing the sensor. A computer-controlled test and calibration test bed system is designed and assembled containing the sensor(s) under test and in which gas composition; temperature can be precisely and dynamically controlled. ATMEGA328 micro controller is used to receive the temperature set point from the computer running the test rig.qscienc
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